aho;g;ghz efiuAk; Ntyizj;jPitAk; ,izf;Fk; fly;kPjhd jiug;ghij gz;iz jhk;Nghjp vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Gq;FLjPTf;Fk; Ntyiz jPTf;Fk; ,ilapy; gue;J fplf;Fk; flYf;F Nkyhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s jiug;ghij ~~mk;gythzH jhk;Nghjp|| vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

Gq;FLjPtpy; gpwe;j mk;gythzH vd;w nghpahH ,j;jhk;Nghjpia mikj;jikahy; ,jw;F me;jg;ngaH te;jjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.4.8 fpNyhkPw;wH J}uKs;s ,j;jhk;Nghjp ,yq;ifapNyNa kpfePz;l jhk;NghjpahFk;.

Gq;FLjPT kf;fpsd; ePz;lfhy Kaw;rpapd; gpd;Ng ,J mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

xNu Neuj;jpy; ,uz;L g];fs; vjpnujpNu flf;ff;$ba mfykhd tPjp.Ik;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l kjFfSk; xU nghpa ghyKk; ,e;j ePz;l ghijapy; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd.

flypd; eLNt nghpa ghwhq;fw;fs; el;L mjd;kPJ kzYk; rPnke;Jk; G+rp jhH,l;L ePz;ltPJpahf ,e;j jhk;Nghjp mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Gq;FLjPtpd; Nghf;Ftuj;ij jiug;ghijapD}lhf mikj;Jf;nfhLj;j ngUik ,e;j mk;gythzH jhk;Nghjpf;Nf chpaJ.Nkw;gb ghijia mikg;gjpy; Kd;dpd;W cioj;j mk;gythzH rNfhjuHfis> Gq;FLjPT kf;fs; vd;W ed;wpAld; epidtpy; itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

Gq;FLjPtpy; gpwe;j r%f NrtfHfs;jhd; nghpa thzUk; rpd;dthzUk;. ,tHfs; ,UtUk; ,sikf;fhyj;jpNyNa Gq;FLjPT kf;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; mDgtpf;Fk; f\;lq;fis mDgthPjpahf czHe;jpUe;jdH.nghpa thzH gbg;G Kbe;jJk; njhopy;Njb kNyrpah nrd;whH.

kNyrpahtpy; jPTfSf;fpilNa mike;Js;s jhk;Nghjpfs; Nghd;W Gq;FLjPTf;Fk; Ntyizf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU nghpajhk;Nghjpia mikf;fNtz;Lnkd;W mtH fdT fz;lhH.jkJ fdit edthf;f nghpa rhjidfis mtH nra;aNtz;bapUe;jJ.kNyrpahtpy; tho;e;j Gq;FLjPT kf;fis xd;W jpul;b kyhah - Gq;FLjPT If;fpa rq;fk; vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fp> Gq;FLjPT kf;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpur;rpidfSf;fhd toptiffis Muha;e;jhH.

1918 Mk; Mz;L ehL jpUk;gpa nghpathzH Kiwg;gb jhk;Nghjpia mikf;fNtz;Lnkd Gq;FLjPtpYs;s tPLfs; NjhWk; ifnahg;gk; thq;fp muRf;F mDg;gpdhH.

jhk;Nghjp mikg;gJ rk;ge;jkhf nfhOk;gpy; murgpuepjpfisr; re;jpg;gJ> gj;jphpiffSf;F mwpf;iffisr; rkHg;gpg;gJ> gj;jphpiffSf;F mwpf;iffisr; rkHg;gpg;gJ> Nghf;Ftuj;J mtyq;fisg; Gifg;glq;fs; %yk; ehL KOtJk; mwpar;nra;tJ Nghd;w gzpfspy; nghpathzH KO Kaw;rpAld; <Lgl;lhH.

Gq;FLjPtpYs;s tPLfs; NjhWk; nrd;W ifnahg;gq;fis thq;Ftjpy; rpd;d thzUk; mtld; <Lgl;lhH.1922 Mk; Mz;L ~~Gq;FLjPT kfh[d Nrthrq;fk;|| vd;w rq;fj;ij Muk;gpj;j mk;gythzH rNfhjuHfs;> gy mq;fj;jtHfis NrHj;Jf;nfz;ldH. ,jw;fhf mjid 1926 Mk; Mz;L ~~mfpy ,yq;if kfh[d Nrth rq;fk;|| vd;W ngaHkhw;wpdhHfs;.,e;j mikg;gpD}lhf mur gpujpepjpfs;> Njrhjpgjp Nghd;Nwhiu mioj;J te;J gpur;rpidfis vLj;Jf;$wpdH.

mjd; gydhf 1935 ,y; rl;lep&gz rigapy; ~~jhk;Nghjp|| mikf;Fk; gpNuuiz tpthjj;Jf;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.rl;lep&gz rigapy; mq;fj;jtHfshf ,Ue;j fz;b mq;fj;jtH gz;bl; gl;Lte;J lht> njhopw;rq;fthjp V.<.Fzrpq;f> Mq;fpNyag; gpujpepjp NrH tpy;ypak; MfpNahH> jhk;Nghjp mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W gy Mjhuq;fSld; thjhb mDkjpiaAk; epjpiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ldH.

thzH rNfhjuHfs; fz;l fdT edthfpaJ.1935 Mk; Mz;L mk;gythzH jhk;Nghjp Ntiy Muk;gkhfpaJ. gy;NtW topfspy; r%fg;gzpahw;wpa nghpathzH jPtf kf;fspd; tsh;r;rpia fUj;jpw;nfhz;L 1947 Mk; Mz;L ghuhSkd;wj;NjHjypy; RNar;irahf Nghl;bapl;lhH. mg;nghOJ mtuhy; 3701 thf;FfisNa ngwKbe;jJ.

ngUk;ghYk; Gq;FLjPT kf;fNs mtUf;F thf;fspj;jdH. nghJj;NjHjypy; jd;Dld; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wp ngw;w my;gpul; jk;gp Iahit mioj;J jhk;Nghjp Ntiyiag; G+Hj;jp nra;J jUkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhH.

fhY}H vk;.gp.my;gpul; jk;gpIah 1953 Mk; Mz;L mk;gythzH jhk;Nghjpia kf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; tifapy; jpwe;J itj;jhH.mjw;F Kd;Ng> mjhtJ 1948,NyNa nghpathzH kuzkhdhH. nghpathzh; mikj;j gpukhz;lkhd jhk;Nghjp md;WKjy; ,d;Wtiu ,sikahfNt fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ.

ve;jg;NghUf;Fk; nry;ybf;Fk; Fz;Lkiof;Fk; mJ mire;J nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mJ mk;gythzhpd; ngaiur; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L ,d;Wk; fk;gPukhf jiy epkpHe;J epw;fpwJ.

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,yq;ifapy; kpf ePskhdJ ,g;ghykhFk; ,g;ghyj;jpd; mtrpak; gw;wp kpf ePz;l fhykhfNt czug;gl;L te;Js;s NghjpYk; mjid Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F vtUkw;w epiy ,e; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gk; tiu fhzg;gl;lJ.

,g;ghyk; mikf;fg;gLkhapd; jPTg;gFjp kf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH ed;ik ngw tha;gpUe;jNghjpYk; Gq;FLjPT kf;fshNyNa Kd;ndLj;J nry;tJ jtpHf;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ.

Gq;FLjPT kf;fs; ,g;ghyk; mikf;fg;glhj fhyj;jpy; gl;l f];lq;fis tpj;Jthd; rp.MWKfk; mth;fs; ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW njuptpf;fpd;whH.

Njhzpfspw; fhiyitj;J Vwpd; nfhQ;rj; J}ue;jhd; kpjf;Fkit! NghWf;Fk; Nrw;wpy; Mnzd;d ngz;nzd;d! Foe;ijnad;d mfyhj Neha;gpbj;j fpoe;jhndd;d ehzpd;wp Milfisj; J}f;fp eLf;flypy; Gij Nrw;wpy; ele;j fhl;rp NjhZijah kdg;glj;jpy; Jauk; ahTk; njhiye;jpLNkh thzH te;J Njhd;whtp;l;lhy;?

epiw khjf; fHg;gpzpAk; tapW nehe;Nj neLNeuk; NjhzpapNy epd;W nfhz;L ,with vk; tpjpNajhd; ,Jntd;W Vq;fpLths;! mOjpLths;! vd;Nd tho;T! kiwahNjh ,f;nfhLik vd;nwz;zp kfTjidg; ngw;wpLths; Njhzpf;Fs;Sk; fiwgbe;j tho;tpJTk; fiye;jjk;kh fz;zpaQ;rhH thzH te;J gpwe;jjhNy!

vd;w ftpijapypUe;J kf;fs; mDgtpj;j f];lq;fs; njspthfpd;wJ. 1890 Mk; Mz;L jpU. f. mk;gythzUk; ngupathzH 1893k; Mz;L jpU. f. mk;gythzUk; rpd;dthzH Gq;FLjPtpy; gpwe;jdH.

NgupathzH Gq;FLjPT mnkupf;fkp\d; ghlrhiy> Nfhg;gha; fpwp];jtf; fy;Y}up> aho;g;ghzf; fy;Y}up Mfpatw;wpy; fy;tp fw;wtH. mf;fhyq;fspy; Gq;FLjPT kf;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; gl;l f];lq;fs; mDgtuPjpahf czHe;jtH. jpU. f. mk;gythzH jdJ ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia G+Hj;jp nra;j gpd;dH njhopy; NjLk; nghUl;L kyhah nrd;whH.

kNyrpahtpy; jhd; fz;l mDgtq;fisj; jkJ nrhe;j Cuf;F fpilf;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lnkdg; Nguthf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. Fwpg;ghf mq;F fhzg;gLk; jhk; Nghjpfisg; Nghy Gq;FLjPTf;Fk; - Ntyizf;Fk; ,ilapy; mikf;fg;gLjy; mtrpak; vd;gij czHe;jhH. ,jid nray;gLj;j kyhahtpYs;s Gq;FLjPT kf;fis xd;W jpul;b kyhah -Gq;FLjPT If;fpa rq;fk; vd;w mikg;gpid cUthf;fp Gq;FLjPT kf;fspd; tsHr;rpf;fhd cghaq;fisf; fz;lwpe;jhH.

1918Mk; Mz;by; Gq;FLjPT jpUk;gpa ngupathzH Kiwg;gb ghyj;ij mikf;f Ntz;Lnkd tPLfs; NjhWk; ifnahg;gq;fis thq;fp muRf;F rkHg;gpj;Jtpl;L kyhah nrd;whH. muR ,jpy; vt;tpj ftdKk; nrYj;jtpy;iy. kyhahtpy; ,aq;fp te;j kyhah - Gq;FLjPT If;fpa rq;fj;ij gyg;gLj;jp ghyk; mikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mf;fiw nfhz;L ehL jpUk;gpdhH.

1924> 1926> 1930> 1934> Mk; Mz;Lfspy; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ifnahg;gq;fs; thq;fg;gl;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; murpid tw;GWj;jj; njhlq;fpdhH. Gq;FLjPtpy; ifnahg;gq;fs; NrHg;gjpy; rpd;dthzH nraw;gl nfhOk;gpy; mur gpujpepjpfSld; re;jpg;Gf;fs;.

gj;jpupifahsHfSf;F Fuy; nfhLj;jy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J mtyj;ij Gifg;glq;fs; %yk; ehL Kotjw;Fk; mwpar; nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw ngupathzH nra;J te;jhH.

1922Mk; Mz;by; Gq;FLjPT kfh[d Nrth rq;fj;ij Muk;gpj;J thzH rNfhjuHfs; 1926,y; mfpy ,yq;if kfh[s rq;fkhf khw;wp jPTg;gFjpapid Fwpg;ghf Gq;FLjPtpd; mty epiyiaehlwpar; nra;jdH. ,t;tikg;gpDlhf mur gpujpepjpfs;> Njrhjpgjpfs; MfpNahiu mioj;J te;J gpur;rpidfis mtHfSf;F vLj;J $wpdhHfs;.

ghyk; mikg;gJ rk;ge;jkhf rl;l ep&gz rig mq;fj;jtHfSf;F vLj;Jf; $Wtjpy; ngupathzH jtwtpy;iy. ,jd; tpisthf 1925Mk; Mz;L rl;l ep&gz rigapy; ghyk; mikg;G gpNuuiz tpthjj;jpw;F te;jJ. mg;NghJ rpd;dthzH vz;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l je;jpfis Njrhjpgjpf;F gy;NtW epWtdq;fspD}lhf mDg;gpapUe;jhH.

Gq;FLjPT-Ntyizg; ghyk; mikf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; rl;l ep&gz rigapy; mq;fj;jtHfshf ,Ue;j fz;b khtl;l gpujpepjp jpU. gz;bw;gl;Lte;Jlhit Mq;fpNyag; gpujpepjp NrH tpy;ypak;];> jpU. V. <. Fzrpq;fh MfpNahH gy;NtW Mjhuq;fSld; thjhb ,Wjpahf mDkjpiaAk;> epjpiaAk; ngw;W tpl;ldH.

,t; mDkjp ngWtjw;F cioj;jtH ngupathzH vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. 1935k; Mz;L ghy Ntiy Muk;gkhfpaJ. rpd;dthzNu ghy Ntiyia Kd;dpd;W nra;jhH. ,it kl;Lky;yhJ fy;tp tsHr;rp> jghw; fe;NjhH> njhiyNgrp trjp Nghd;w gy;NtW tsHr;rpapy; ngupJk; mf;fiw nfhz;L cioj;jtH ngupathzH.

,t;thwhfg; gy;NtW topfspy; r%fg;gzp nra;j jpU. f. mk;gythzH jPtf tsHr;rpia fUj;jpw; nfhz;L 1947k; Mz;L NjHjypy; Nghl;bapl;lhH. kf;fs; mtuJ Nritiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shJ Njhy;tpAwr; nra;jdH. NgupathzH kdpj Neak; gilj;jtH. nghJj; NjHjypy; jd;Dld; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wpaPl;ba jpU.

my;gpul; jk;gpIahit mioj;J ghuhl;b cgrhuk; nra;J Gq;FLjPT kf;fspd; mty epiyiag; Nghf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. mtuJ Ntz;Lnfhis Vw;W jpU. my;gpul; jk;gpIah mauhJ cioj;J 1953 Mk; Mz;L ghyj;jpid kf;fs; gad; ghl;Lf;F jpwe;J itj;jhH.
ngupathzH mtHfs; 30 Mz;Lfs; jd;dyk; ghuhJ cioj;J cly; ,isj;J 1948Mk; Mz;L Neha;tha;g;gl;L nfhOk;G itj;jparhiyapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;L ,aw;if va;jpdhH. mtH ek;kpilNa ,y;iyahapDk; mtuJ ngaiuf; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; thzH ghyk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu mtuJ ngaUk; njhlHr;rpahf Jyq;fp tUk;.

thzH rNfhjuHfs; vk; fpuhkj;Jf;fhf vt;tsNth f];lq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ,g;gzpia epiwNtw;wpdhHfs; vd;gJ nrhy;yj; Njitapy;iy. Mdhy; ehk; mtH tpl;Lr; nrd;w gzpia nrt;tNd nra;J Kbj;Js;Nshkh vd;why; ,y;iy vd;gNj kfh cz;ikahFk;.

md;W kyhahtpy; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwe;jsT tho;e;j Gq;FLjPT kf;fis xd;W jpul;b ,g;ghyj;ij mikj;jhH. Mdhy; ,d;W gy Mapuk; NgH ntspehLfspy; tho;e;Jk; vk; fpuhkj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;fhf vd;d nra;jPHfs;? ehl;Lg; gpur;rpidiar; rhl;lhf nrhy;yp cq;fis ePq;fNs rkhjhdg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;LbUf;fpwPHfs;.

,jpy; xusT cz;ik ,Uf;fpwJjhd;. Mdhy; vkJ fpuhkj;ij vjpH fhyj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;a ,g;nghOjpUe;Nj Ma;Tfis> jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jid ehd; vdJ fhyj;jpNyNa nra;J Kbf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. Gq;FLjPit kl;Lky;yhJ jPTg;gFjp KotJf;Fkhd Ma;Tfis nra;J E}y;fis ntspapl tpUk;GfpNwd;.

,Jgw;wp Vw;fdNt gy fl;Liufis ntspapl;lhYk; KOikahf E}yhf ntspaplg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j vdJ gzpf;F ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; cjtp Gupe;J vk; jPtfj;jpid tsk; nfhopf;Fk; )kpahf khw;w cjTkhW jho;ikAld; Ntz;LfpNwd

,f;fl;Liu fyhepjp fhHj;jpNfR Ffghyd; mtHfshy; vOjpa jPtfk; - tsKk; tho;Tk; vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;J jpU. R. Nfhfpyjhrd; mtHfshy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ